4SEAS

Fish spawn on a variety of substratesMost marine fish eggs are just spawned into the water column (horse mackerel, anchovy, sprat, Red mullet, tuna and many others) and pay no attention on their offsprings. these eggs are positively buoyant and develop in the upper layer of the sea. Many marine and freshwater fish species lay eggs on aquatic vegetation (herring, needlefish, carp) or on the bottom of the reservoir (sturgeon). Salmon leave the sea to spawn in the river, dig the eggs in the pebbled bottom, lay their eggs in them, and then bury its eggs by pebbles by the powerful movements of the tail. Little Jumping Characin lays eggs on the leaves of plants, hanging over the water. To do this, males and females have both repeatedly jump out of the water.

Bitterling (Lat. Rhodeus amarus) lays eggs between the wings of alive bivalve mollusks. Female Banjo (Lat. Aspredo aspredo) bears the eggs on their own belly. In the Ghost pipefish (Lat. Solenostomus), inhabitsing the Indian Ocean, the female carries eggs between the fused pelvic fins. Some fish species from the families Cichlidae, Luciocephalidae, Apogonidae, Ariidae and other carry the are eggs in the mouth or in the gill cavity. South American thorny catfishes (Lat. Tachysurus) swallow their eggs, and their development occurs in the stomach. This fish does not eat during this period, and the digestive gland temporarily does not function.

Females of some Snailfish species (Lat. Careproctus) trust their eggs to the "nurse", laying eggs in the shell or in the gill cavity of crabs.

Tropical Labyrinth or Climbing perches (Lat. Anabantidae) built the foam nests on the surface and guard eggs deposited in them. Other fish species spawn in a specially constructed nest of seaweed and shellfish (stickleback, Lat. Gasterosteus), Picarel (Lat. Spicara), in the shells of mollusks, or in the caves under the rocks (gobies, Lat. Gobiidae; Blennies, Lat.Blenniidae; Wrasses, Lat. Labridae). Males of these fish are very careful parents and dedicate their life to protect the eggs and larvae. The most unusual method of reproduction is that of the seahorses (Lat. Hippocampus) and Pipefish (Lat. Syngnathus). Females of these species lay their eggs in a special brood pouch on the abdomen of males. Males carry the eggs till hatching.